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Learntoloveandcare
HereIamsittingonacouchalone,thinkingaboutwhatIhavejustfinishedreadingwithtearsofsadnessfillingmyeyesandfireofindignationfillingmyheart,whichrevivedmyexhaustedsoulthathasalreadybeencoveredbythecrueltyandtheselfishnessofthesecularworldforalongtime.ItistrulywhatIfeltafterreadingOliverTwist,writtenbytheprominentBritishauthorCharlesDickens.
Theresonancebetweenmeandthebookmakesmefeelnotonlythekindnessandthewickednessofallthecharactersinthenovel,butwhatthisaloofsocietylacks,andwhatIlackdeepinside.ThesesupremeresourcesI’mtalkingaboutrightnowaresomewhatdifferentfromminerals,oilthatweusuallymention.They’reabstractlikefeelings,andsomekindsofspiritualstimulationthatallofusdesireanxiouslyfromoneanother——loveandcare.ThosecharitablefigureswhomDickenscreatedinthenovelarereallywhatweneedinlife.Theyshowedloveandcaretoothers,justasthegentlerainfromtheskyfellupontheearth,whichwascarvedintomyheartdeeply.Mr.Brownlowisonesuchperson.
Theotherdayhehadoneofhiselaboratewatchesstolen
bytwoskilledteenagethieves,ArtfulDodgerandCharleyBates,andthoughtnaturallyitwasOliver,whowasanorphanandforcedtolivewithagangofthieves,thathaddoneitbecausehewastheonlyonenearbyafterthethefthadtakenplace.Beingwrathful,hecaughtOliver,andsenthimtothepolicestationwheretheill-tempered,unfairmagistratesworked.Fortunatelyforhim,Oliverwasprovedinnocentbyoneonlookerafterwards.Withsympathy,Mr.Brownlowtooktheinjured,poorOlivertohisownhome.ThereOliverlivedfreelyandgleefullyforsomemonthsasifhewereMr.Brownlow’sownson.Oneday,however,Mr.BrownlowaskedOlivertoreturnsomebookstothebooksellerandtosendsomemoneyforthenewbooksthathehadalreadycollected.ThethiefOliveroncestayedwithkidnappedhim.AfterthathedisappearedinMr.Brownlow’slife.Searchingforawhile,Mr.Brownlowhadtobelievethefactthathehadrunawaywithhismoney.Butdramatically,theycameacrosseachotheragainafewyearslater.Withouthesitation,Mr.BrownlowtookOliverhomeforthesecondtimenotcaringifhehaddonesomethingevil.
PerhapsmostofuswouldfeelconfusedaboutMr.Brownlow’sreaction.Butasamatteroffact,thisisjustthelessonweshouldlearnfromhim.JesussaidintheBible.“Forgivenotseventimes,butseventy-timesseven.”Whyisthat?Becauseforgivenessisourabilitytoremovenegativethoughtsandneutralizethemsoourenergymaybespentondoingwhatwecameherefor.Wecannotmoveforwardinourfutureifpastissuescloudourthinking.StopputMr.Brownlowintothelistofyourmodels.Alwaysgivepeopleasecondchancenomatterwhattheymighthavedone.That’salsoasubstantialpartoflovingandcaringothers.
thenthereareMrs.MaylieandRose,Oliver’sotherbenefactors.MaybethereasontheylovedandcaredOliverwasnotbecauseofforgiveness.Inmypointofview,itwastrust.TheyhadfaithinOliverwhenhewasconsideredtobeafilthyburglarwhotriedtobreakthefrontdoorofMaylie’satmidnight.Butthiswasn’thowthesetwoladiessawthewholething.TheydeniedOliver’scrimeimmediatelyandlistenedattentivelytoOliver’sowndescriptionofhismiserablelife.TheyweredeeplytouchedbyOliver’sstrongperseveranceandastonishingvitality.
Accordingly,theyremediedOliver’sbodyandheartandturnedhimintoadifferentboy.Hebegantowearappropriateandcleansuitswhichweretailor-madeforhimandreceiveeducation.
Asfaraswecansee,itistrustthathelpsusalllivetogetherwithoutprecaution.Sometimestrustcanevenleadustomiracles,whichweoftenexpecttocomeabout,sowhynottrust?Trustyourself,trustothers,andyou’llsalutemiracleseverysingleday.
Inthenovel,thoughtheyoungOliveragainandagainfellforconspiraciesofthosehideousthieves,whotriedtotortureOliver’sbodyandpoisonedOliver’sheartintensely,healwayslivedonandtriedhardtoseekforhisownlife.ThenIrealizedwhatsupportedhimallthroughwereactuallybeliefs.Inmostcases,whatyoubelieveiswhatyou’llbecome.Believethatyouareunlimited,thatyoucandoanythingyoucommittodoing,andwhenyoudo,youraccomplishmentswillknownobounds.Youcontrolyourbeliefsandthatishowyouultimatelycontrolyourlife.It’salldictatedbyyourattitude.
Inthefinalanalysis,loveandcarecontainnumerousforms,thereareloveofforgiveness,loveoftrust,etc.buttheyallcomefromyourbeliefsinlife.Whensomeonetellsyouhe’sdeceivedyou,forgivehimanyway,whensomeonetellsyouwhathe’sdone,trusthimanyway,andwhenyoufaceadversitieswhilechasingyourdreams,thinkaboutyourbeliefs,thenwhathindersyouwillbecomeapieceofcakeinnotime.
Sofindout“Olivers”inyourlifeanddoasMr.BrownlowandMrs.Mayliedo:lovethemandcarethem,whichcostnothingbutsavemuch.Theyenrichthosewhoreceive,withoutimpoverishingthosewhogive.Theycanbecertainsmallestwordsoractions,butthememoryofthemsometimeslastforever.
CharlesDickenssaid:“Lovemakestheworldgoaround.”Theseimmortalwordshaveinspiredandwillkeeponinspiringustochantthemelodyofloveandtosaytheprayerofcareforevermore.Letus,therefore,enjoylifeandtreatotherpeoplelovingly.Theseprinciplesaretherootsandfoundationsofbeliefssupportingthisjafsandour
Abouttheauthor
CharlesDickensisaEnglishnovelist,generallyconsideredthegreatestoftheVictorianperiod.Dickens'sworksarecharacterizedbyattacksonsocialevils,injustice,andhypocrisy.Hehadalsoexperiencedinhisyouthoppression,whenhewasforcedtoendschoolinearlyteensandworkinafactory.Dickens'sgood,bad,andcomiccharacters,suchasthecruelmiserScrooge,theaspiringnovelistDavidCopperfield,orthetrustingandinnocentMr.Pickwick,havefascinatedgenerationsofreaders.CharlesDickenswasborninLandport,Hampshire,duringthenewindustrialage,whichgavebirthtotheoriesofKarlMarx.Dickens'sfatherwasaclerkinthenavypayoffice.Hewaswellpaidbutoftenendedinfinancialtroubles.In1814DickensmovedtoLondon,andthentoChatham,wherehereceivedsomeeducation.TheschoolmasterWilliamGilesgavespecialattentiontoDickens,whomaderapidprogress.In1824,attheageof12,Dickenswassenttoworkforsomemonthsatablackingfactory,HungerfordMarket,London,whilehisfatherJohnwasinMarshaleadebtor'sprison."Myfatherandmotherwerequitesatisfied,"Dickenslaterrecalledbitterly."Theycouldhardlyhavebeenmoreso,ifIhadbeentwentyyearsofage,distinguishedatagrammar-school,andgoingtoCambridge."LaterthisperiodfounditswaytothenovelLITTLEDORRITT(1855-57).JohnDickenspaidhis£40debtwiththemoneyheinheritedfromhismother;shediedattheageofseventy-ninewhenhewasstillinprison.Dickens'ssharpearforconversationhelpedhimtocreatecolorfulcharactersthroughtheirownwords.Thepublisher,WilliamHall,nowcommissionedDickenstowriteThePickwickPapersintwentymonthlyinstallments.ThiswasfollowedbyOliverTwist,publishedinBentley'sMiscellany(1837-38)andNicholasNickleby(1838-39),alsopublished
monthly.DickenswasnowthemostpopularwriterinBritainandoverthenextfewyearshewroteaseriesofpopularnovelsincludingTheOldCuriosityShop(1840-1),BarnabyRudge(1841),MartinChuzzlewit(1843-4)andAChristmasCarol(1843).
Background(olivertwist)
OliverTwistisnotableforDickens'unromanticportrayalofcriminalsandtheirsordidlives.[1]Thebookalsoexposedthecrueltreatmentofmanyawaif-childinLondon,whichincreasedinternationalconcerninwhatissometimesknownas"TheGreatLondonWaifCrisis".ThiswastheastoundingnumberoforphansinLondonintheDickensera.Thebook'ssubtitle,TheParishBoy'sProgressalludestoBunyan'sThePilgrim'sProgressandalsotoapairofpopular18th-centurycaricatureseriesbyWilliamHogarth,"ARake'sProgress"and"AHarlot'sProgress".
Anearlyexampleofthesocialnovel,thebookcallsthepublic'sattentiontovariouscontemporaryevils,includingthePoorLawthatstatedthatpoorpeopleshouldworkinworkhouses,childlabourandtherecruitmentofchildrenascriminals.Dickensmocksthehypocrisiesofthetimebysurroundingthenovel'sseriousthemeswithsarcasmanddarkhumour.ThenovelmayhavebeeninspiredbythestoryofRobertBlincoe,anorphanwhoseaccountofhishardshipsasachildlabourerinacottonmillwaswidelyreadinthe1830s.Obviously,Dickens'ownearlyyouth—hewasvulnerable,andachildlabourer—musthavealsoentered.
Introduction
InOliverTwist,Dickensmixesgrimrealism,andmercilesssatireasawaytodescribetheeffectsofindustrialismon19th-centuryEnglandandtocriticisetheharshnewPoorLaws.Oliver,aninnocentchild,istrapped
inaworldwherehisonlyoptionsseemtobetheworkhouse,Fagin'sthieves,aprisonoranearlygrave.Fromthisunpromisingindustrialsetting,however,afairytalealsoemerges:Inthemidstofcorruptionanddegradation,theessentiallypassiveOliverremainspure-hearted;hesteersawayfromevilwhenthosearoundhimgiveintoit;and,inproperfairy-talefashion,heeventuallyreceiveshisreward—leavingforapeacefullifeinthecountry,surroundedbykindfriends.Onthewaytothishappyending,Dickensexploresthekindoflifeanorphan,outcastboycouldexpecttoleadin1830sLondon.
Povertyandsocialclass
PovertyisaprominentconcerninOliverTwist.Throughoutthenovel,Dickensenlargesonthistheme,describingslumssodecrepitthatwholerowsofhousesareonthepointofruin.Inanearlychapter,Oliverattendsapauper'sfuneralwithMr.Sowerberryandseesawholefamilycrowdedtogetherinonemiserableroom.
ThisubiquitousmiserymakesOliver'sencounterswithcharityandlovemorepoignant.Oliver'sworkhouseoriginsplacehimatthenadirofsociety;asanorphanwithoutfriends,heisroutinelydespised.His"sturdyspirit"keepshimalivedespitethetormenthemustendure.Mostofhisassociates,however,deservetheirplaceamongsociety'sdregsandseemverymuchathomeinthedepths.NoahClaypole,acharityboylikeOliver,isidle,stupid,andcowardly;Sikesisathug;Faginlivesbycorruptingchildren;andtheArtfulDodgerseemsbornforalifeofcrime.Manyofthemiddle-classpeopleOliverencounters—Mrs.Sowerberry,Mr.Bumble,andthesavagelyhypocritical"gentlemen"areworse.
Symbolism
Dickensmakesconsiderableuseofsymbolism.ThemanysymbolsOliverfacesareprimarilygoodversusevil,withevilcontinuallytryingtocorruptandexploitgood,butgoodwinningoutintheend.The"merryoldgentleman"Fagin,forexample,hassataniccharacteristics:heisaveterancorrupterofyoungboyswhopresidesoverhisowncornerofthecriminalworld;hemakeshisfirstappearancestandingoverafireholdingatoasting-fork;andherefusestoprayonthenightbeforehis
execution.TheLondonslums,too,haveasuffocating,infernalaspect;thedarkdeedsanddarkpassionsareconcretelycharacterisedbydimrooms,andpitch-blacknights,whilethegoverningmoodofterrorandbrutalitymaybeidentifiedwithuncommonlycoldweather.Incontrast,thecountrysidewheretheMayliestakeOliverisapastoralheaven.
Foodisanotherimportantsymbol;Oliver'sodysseybeginswithasimplerequestformoregruel,andMr.Bumble'sshockedexclamation,representshemaybeaftermorethanjustgruel.
Thenovelisalsoshotthroughwitharelatedmotif,obesity,whichcallsattentiontothestarkinjusticeofOliver'sworld.Whenthehalf-starvedchilddarestoaskformore,themenwhopunishhimarefat.Itisinterestingtoobservethelargenumberofcharacterswhoareoverweight.Towardtheendofthenovel,thegazeofknowingeyesbecomesapotentsymbol.Foryears,Faginavoidsdaylight,crowds,andopenspaces,concealinghimselfinadarklairmostofthetime
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